Instruction on how to Write an Essay (Two Possible Career Choices)

In this task, understudies will investigate two potential vocation decisions based on their personal preference, and afterward compose a formal scientific report viably introducing a proposal to seek after one of the professions. This undertaking has two sections: Part one, the Table of Contents and Introductory Section, is expected toward the finish of week 6. Section two, the report completely, is expected toward the finish of week 8. Understudies are urged to start chip away at this venture no later than week 5, perusing the undertaking headings, perusing Chapters 13, 14, and 15, and, if time licenses, doing starter research.Formal Report Topic This task depends on you picking two potential vocation decisions you would prescribe to a representative, customer or expert contact. Here’s the circumstance: You are to pick two potential profession decisions. Your report ought to incorporate the accompanying: Information and foundation about your two profession decisions. Examinat ion from in any event six solid sources to educate your crowd and to help the recommendation(s) APA references for all explored data (in-text incidental references and a reference list toward the finish of the report) Formal report formattingYou should lead outside exploration and refer to your sources utilizing APA references. Finish up the conventional report by making proposals to your crowd. Your report MUST be organized as a formal report.Part One (Due Week 6) Table of Contents and Introduction Your task this week is to compose your formal report’s list of chapters and presentation, utilizing formal arranging. To finish this task, you should have a decent arrangement set up for your conventional report. I urge you to utilize the three-advance procedure we’ve been considering this meeting. (Theâ formal report is expected completely toward the finish of week 8. In week 6, just the chapter by chapter list and presentation are due.)In week 6, your task ought to incor porate the following:A list of chapters utilizing formal report designing. (Note that page numbers are a bit much this week, as you won't have composed the real report yet. Page numbers ought to be included one week from now, however, when you complete the report.) The list of chapters ought to incorporate first-and second-level headings, similar to the model on page 437 in part 15. Incorporate an early on area highlighting the accompanying four sections (see page 439 in part 15 for an example.IntroductionPurpose, Scope, and Limitations Sources and Methods Report Organization Identify in any event six solid sources you will use in your proposition in the â€Å"Sources and Methods† segment. Utilize formal report arranging. Be liberated from language structure, spelling, and accentuation errors.Part Two (Due Week 8) Formal Report in Full In week 6, you arranged the proper report and composed the Table of Contents and Introduction. In week 8, you will finish the conventional rep ort. (You may need to reconsider the Table of Contents and Introduction, in view of the input you get from your teacher.) In week 8, your task ought to contain the following:Be arranged as a proper report, following the rules for formal reports in the content (counting the rules for headings and subheadings found on pages 435-448); Include suitable prefatory, text, and supplemental parts (The conventional report ought to contain fitting prefatory, text, and supplemental parts, including the accompanying: a spread and additionally cover sheet; a letter of transmittal; a list of chapters; the four-section Introductory Section from week 6; properly named body segments; and informative supplements, for example, the customer meeting and rundown of references. Your report does notâ need to contain these parts, however ought to contain a large portion of them.); Fully answer the topic of what vocation would you prescribe to a representative, customer or expert contact.The word mean the in troduction, body, and end ought to be 1250-1750 words); Use in any event six trustworthy explored sources fittingly and viably; Include legitimate documentation utilizing APA style (both in-text and end-of-text citationsâ€please check your work utilizing turnitin.com); and Be liberated from spelling, sentence structure, and accentuation errors.Note: Visual guides are completely suitable for this sort of report, yet they are not required. In the event that you choose to utilize visual guides, be sure to cling to the principles we have concentrated beforehand in this course.How the Formal Report Assignment is Graded The Formal Report Assignment will be evaluated by the models set out in the Rubrics for a considerable length of time 6 and 7/8, situated in Doc Sharing.

Satisfaction Gained from Blogging :: Blogs

Fulfillment Gained from Blogging The inquiry most every now and again posed about blogging is the reason. What is in a blog that makes it something one of a kind that individuals find sufficiently alluring to need to expound on their day by day lives to the entire world? While there are numerous reasons bloggers do what they do, I’m taking a gander at what fulfillment is picked up from it. The blog I have seen in the course of recent weeks is a lot of like an ordinary diary posted by Jim. He discusses everything without exception he considers significant enough in his life. As a rule, he posts about genuine occasions and considerations on genuine articles that happen straightforwardly in his life. His posts return a serious ways as well, about a year, and he posts day by day. To me, this sounds nearly irresistible. It was now that I started to think about what made blogging so compelling and scrutinized the satisfaction and delight factors that are included. I at long last messaged Jim and asked him for what good reason he web journals and who he writes for. His answer was the normal answer; Truly, I take care of business for myself. My musings have no...order, really...they're all disconnected and irregular. I don't have the foggiest idea why anybody understands mine, it's truly not unreasonably great and not as intriguing as a portion of the others out there. In spite of the fact that I am complimented when individuals disclose to me they do appreciate it. I additionally believe they're insane, however that is not the point...My companions do theirs as a diary of sorts...but I do whatever it takes not to compose anything excessively staggeringly close to home. I think numerous individuals like Jim need their perusers to imagine that they do what needs to be done for themselves and not for any genuine reasons. Be that as it may if this were valid, no blogger would compose their diaries online in any case. Having possibly a large number of individuals perusing their online journals and remarking on them is sufficient to make bloggers post. In the event that Jim and each one of those out there that extremely take care of business for themselves they would keep it hidden. He expresses that he doesn’t do his as a diary like his companions, however after perusing a couple of passages, you’ll find that is actually similar to a diary, and a portion of his posts are very close to home. â€Å"Though I am complimented when individuals reveal to me they do appreciate it.† That sort of fortification from the web open is exactly the thought I am attempting to get across to the bloggers who might be willfully ignorant about doing it only for themselves.

Collecting Information For A Study Of One Of My Clients Coursework

Collecting Information For A Study Of One Of My Clients Coursework Collecting Information For A Study Of One Of My Clients â€" Coursework Example > University: Abstract            The purpose of the write up is to collect information of one of the clients as a part of the study. The client in this case is a school going child who is Latino American and who does not want to go to the school. All the details about the child have been taken into consideration and various social and cultural factors are associated with his problem. This study is based on all the details about the client that have been gathered and these will help in resolving the problem of the client. Collecting Information for a Study of One of My ClientsThis study is done in order to collect the information about a client who has come to the agency that I am attached to. The study includes collecting various informations like those of the age of the client, his or her physical description, the family background of the client. The study also needs to find out the ethnic group to which he belongs and the religion that he belongs to and the occupation he is into. It also has to find out whether the client is married or yet unmarried. The study aims at finding out the type of neighborhood that the client has and in what kind of community location does he stay. It requires knowing about the type of housing that the client dwells in. Since I am attached to an agency, it is the prerequisite for the study to note down the reasons or the problems for which the client had come to the agency at the first instance. The study needs to be specific on the nature of the problem and the ways to tackle those problems. It is also a requirement to know whether the problem has any kind of legal mandates concerned with it either at the time of the commencement of the problem or before that. The collecting of information also includes the collecting of the information regarding the other persons connected in the situation where the problem arises for the client. Information has also to be collected on the matter as to whether the problem has any kind of seri ous implications on the health of the client which needs to be taken great care of. It is also required to know if there are any kinds of indications of the problem being shown and at what instances does the problem turn on in the severest way. It is also needed to know as to what are the ethno-cultural and social problems that are associated with the problem of the client and what are the ways that the client has undertaken on his own in order to resolve the problem that he is facing and moreover what are the implications of these problems. Lastly, there is the need to create a better background of knowledge, as to the various developmental stages and the life transitions related to the problem of the client. Brief Description of the Agency            As for an introduction to the agency that I am associated with and work as an intern in it, it can be sad that the agency is one of the best among the others. It has the second highest API scoring among the schools in the State. The agency has a record of serving the students of the community for more than a century. The Anaheim Union High School District (1) was founded in the year 1898 and it has a student body population of about 37,000. The Anaheim Union High School District has in its capture and area of 46 square miles and includes the cities of Anaheim, Cypress, Buena Park, Garden Grove, Orange, Stanton and La Palma. There is a great diversity in the district where the population speaks about more than 56 languages and thus with such a diversity, the students are given the opportunity to attend 23 sites that are spread all over the District. He Anaheim Union High School District has to its credit being the second in number of the highest API scoring schools in the State. It has even been accredited with various awards including the Golden Bell Awards, the Golden State Exam Awards, which has been given to it because of the achievements of its students, and it has also been awarded with the California D istinguished Schools Award.

Collecting Information For A Study Of One Of My Clients Coursework

Collecting Information For A Study Of One Of My Clients Coursework Collecting Information For A Study Of One Of My Clients â€" Coursework Example > University: Abstract            The purpose of the write up is to collect information of one of the clients as a part of the study. The client in this case is a school going child who is Latino American and who does not want to go to the school. All the details about the child have been taken into consideration and various social and cultural factors are associated with his problem. This study is based on all the details about the client that have been gathered and these will help in resolving the problem of the client. Collecting Information for a Study of One of My ClientsThis study is done in order to collect the information about a client who has come to the agency that I am attached to. The study includes collecting various informations like those of the age of the client, his or her physical description, the family background of the client. The study also needs to find out the ethnic group to which he belongs and the religion that he belongs to and the occupation he is into. It also has to find out whether the client is married or yet unmarried. The study aims at finding out the type of neighborhood that the client has and in what kind of community location does he stay. It requires knowing about the type of housing that the client dwells in. Since I am attached to an agency, it is the prerequisite for the study to note down the reasons or the problems for which the client had come to the agency at the first instance. The study needs to be specific on the nature of the problem and the ways to tackle those problems. It is also a requirement to know whether the problem has any kind of legal mandates concerned with it either at the time of the commencement of the problem or before that. The collecting of information also includes the collecting of the information regarding the other persons connected in the situation where the problem arises for the client. Information has also to be collected on the matter as to whether the problem has any kind of seri ous implications on the health of the client which needs to be taken great care of. It is also required to know if there are any kinds of indications of the problem being shown and at what instances does the problem turn on in the severest way. It is also needed to know as to what are the ethno-cultural and social problems that are associated with the problem of the client and what are the ways that the client has undertaken on his own in order to resolve the problem that he is facing and moreover what are the implications of these problems. Lastly, there is the need to create a better background of knowledge, as to the various developmental stages and the life transitions related to the problem of the client. Brief Description of the Agency            As for an introduction to the agency that I am associated with and work as an intern in it, it can be sad that the agency is one of the best among the others. It has the second highest API scoring among the schools in the State. The agency has a record of serving the students of the community for more than a century. The Anaheim Union High School District (1) was founded in the year 1898 and it has a student body population of about 37,000. The Anaheim Union High School District has in its capture and area of 46 square miles and includes the cities of Anaheim, Cypress, Buena Park, Garden Grove, Orange, Stanton and La Palma. There is a great diversity in the district where the population speaks about more than 56 languages and thus with such a diversity, the students are given the opportunity to attend 23 sites that are spread all over the District. He Anaheim Union High School District has to its credit being the second in number of the highest API scoring schools in the State. It has even been accredited with various awards including the Golden Bell Awards, the Golden State Exam Awards, which has been given to it because of the achievements of its students, and it has also been awarded with the California D istinguished Schools Award.

Water Scarcity Privatization is Not the Solution Essay

Water is vital for humanity as it sustains human life and is a fundamental aspect in most of the products which are consumed by an average living person. This is why water supplies are crucial, because through them this substance is provided sadly these services are being perturbed by various obstacles that at the end are provoking a severe water scarcity around the globe. This has been attempted to be solved by privatising water services, since it is believed that water available for free has generated an overexploitation of this resource. However, this apparent solution is encouraging the problem due to the inefficiency and corruption of these companies. That is why the purpose of this paper, before all else, will be to analyse the†¦show more content†¦Nevertheless, the existing supplies will not be able to satisfy the increasing number of people, this is supported by Mashhood who claimed in 2012 that a growing population requires more water (addressing the Texas’ w ater needs) which the state says cannot come from one source. Moreover, this situation has been affecting every corner of the planet as the decrease in the water supplies and the rapid increment in the population will not improve in the future, since these both elements are seemingly going to continue this trend. Nonetheless, not only these factors are reinforcing this catastrophe, it is also the latent worldwide social inequality that is inducing a disproportion of the provision of water around the globe. Fresh water sources subsist in most countries, despite this an inconsistent price for this substance prevails in the developing world, where the cost for it is the highest but the income of these areas is not. On the other hand, the first world nations represent the contrast of this case because they maintain a formidable profit and an accessible financial value for water. This means that water scarcity is not suffered by the lack of physical sources, it is surfacing due to the absence of economic resources of parts of the public who are not able to afford this vital component of human life. A demonstration of this is seen in Chochabama, Bolivia where riots occurred by cause of a rise inShow MoreRelatedWater Scarcity: Privatization is Not the Solution Essay example1203 Words   |  5 Page sAlthough water is all around, very little is drinkable. Six billion people live on earth and 1.1 billion in 31 countries are unable to access safe, clean drinking water. California has only 20 years of water supply left. Ironically, even the wettest place on earth, Cherrapunji, India, has often water shortages. After years of millions of people dying of thirst and disease, a corporate movement to find a solution to the water crisis has now swept the world. Water, a fleeting resource vital to everyRead MoreThe Accessible Water Resources The World Took For Granted1636 Words   |  7 Pages14, 2015 The Accessible Water Resources the World Took for Granted Currently, â€Å"only 2.5 to 3 percent of all the natural water sources available on Earth are composed of fresh water† as written by Paul Alois, a researcher and writer for The World Bank. Alois continues, â€Å"less than 1 percent is easily accessible for human use† due to most of the natural water sources being unaccessible. As the global population grows, the environment keeps changing, and over usage of water sources continues, freshwaterRead MoreWater Supply Between Industrialized And Developing Nations1174 Words   |  5 Pagesnatural water sources available on Earth are composed of fresh water† as written by Paul Alois, a researcher and writer for The World Bank. Alois continues, â€Å"less than 1 percent is easily accessible for human use† due to most of the natural water sources being unaccessible. As the global population grows, the environment keeps changing, and over usage of water sources continues, freshwater sources are only going to depl ete even further. Consequently, â€Å"2 billion people lack access to clean water† andRead MoreHow Has Globalization Impacted Water Scarcity?1257 Words   |  6 PagesUnderstanding Globalization (GSSC 1083) Research Paper How has globalization impacted water scarcity? Name: Yash Patel Professor’s name: Jamie Zarowitz Date: 8th November Can you imagine living in a world where the most abundant and needed resource water was not available to you. This is the reality many people around the world are facing right now. Globalization has had far-reaching effects on our lifestyle. â€Å"It has led to faster access to technology, improved communicationRead MoreSummary : Water Scarcity And The Recognition Of The Human Right Safe Freshwater 1403 Words   |  6 Pagesor other short work c. Database, 477 Curry, Elliot. â€Å"Water Scarcity and the Recognition of the Human Right to Safe Freshwater.† Journal of International Human Rights 9.1 (2010): 103-121. Academic Search Premier. Web. 19 Nov. 2015. Summary: Elliot Curry, a 2011 Juris Doctor candidate at the Northwestern University School of Law, notes that the western world is doing a great job at ignoring the disastrous effects of the imminent water scarcity that other poor parts of the world will inevitably haveRead More Water Shortages in China: Problems and Solutions Essays1119 Words   |  5 PagesMany people know that water is essential for human-being and it is not only valuable for health and life, but water is also important for industry and agriculture. Furthermore, use of water has a spiritual, cultural and recreational dimension. However, water resources are not infinite. Wide and inefficient use of water resources can lead to irreversible consequences, such as water shortage. This essay will firstly discuss the problem of water shortage on examples of developed and developing countriesRead MoreThe Effect Of Water Privatization1989 Words   |  8 Pages The Effects of water Privatization Progress is impossible without change, and those who cannot change their minds cannot change anything -George Shaw In the present world, water has become a highly contested resource. It is no secret that we are consuming much more water than humanity originally intended. Consumerism is such a prevalent factor in today s society, which is why multi-billion dollar companies thrive at economic development. As a global population we are shackled by society, forcedRead MoreWater Is The Most Important Natural Source1255 Words   |  6 Pages1.0 Introduction Water is the most important natural source. There has been activism all over the world to attain governed pricing mechanisms and market transactions due to its mobility and centrality to sustenance of human life. The physical, conceptual, and social plasticity aspects of water as a resource create uncertainty with regard to handling and thus posing critical questions in response to use and management. In the last three-four decades, world’s economic institutions such as World BankRead MoreWater Wars Essay2186 Words   |  9 PagesWater is a human right, not a commodity. It is the essence of life, sustaining every living being on the planet. Without it we would have no plants, no animals, no people. However, while water consumption doubles every twenty years our water sources are being depleted, polluted and exploited by multinational corporations. Water privatization has been promoted by corporations and international lending institutions as the solution to the global water crises but the only one’s who benefit from water

Theravada Buddhism And The Human Condition Essay - 2258 Words

Theravada Buddhism is known to be the â€Å"a representative school of the earliest of the branches of Buddhism†, as it is also known as â€Å"Hinayana or the small vehicle† (Young). Founded by Buddha, this branch of religion is extremely similar to Hinduism in the fact that it seeks to help people reach a state of liberation from the cycle of Earthly rebirth, but one major difference is that Buddhism â€Å"emerged from the Buddha s honest and penetrating assessment of the human condition† instead of focusing on the connection we as individuals have with our perceived ultimacy or higher, all powerful being like many other religions do (Bullitt). Even though the teachings of Buddha consist of several aspects from The Four Noble Truths, The Eightfold Path, to everything in the world around is impermanent, three of the most important teachings would include: The concept of anatta, Buddha’s teaching that one must work out their own liberation in which he state d on his deathbed, and The First Noble Truth Dukkha. Despite its grotesque nature and imagery, James McTeigue’s famous 2006 film, V for Vendetta, illustrates not only the importance of these Buddhist concepts but that enlightenment is always possible no matter how dark one’s reality might be. Placed in the futuristic setting of Great Britain in which the dictator High Chancellor Adam Sutler rules with an iron fist, the film’s main protagonist V teams up with Evey Hammond in order to battle and overthrow the tyrannical regime they haveShow MoreRelatedIs Buddhism A Buddhist Or Not A Christian?1192 Words   |  5 Pages He said: â€Å"what I do good I feel good. What I do bad I feel bad. That’s my religion.† This quote highlights that every human being on this planet have the right to transform any ideology or attitude as their personal religion. They are seeking for a spiritual guidance that can help them to accomplish their purpose in this life. Th at’s why today we have a religion called Buddhism. It’s one of the major religion after christianism, Islam and Hinduism. According to a projection made by The Pew ResearchRead MoreEssay on Asian Art Museum in San Francisco1315 Words   |  6 Pagesthe  Asian Art Museum in San Francisco. Every first Sunday of the month, admission into the museum is free. It is my first time to visit there and I was most impressed with the huge number of Buddhas on display.  Most of the pieces are in excellent condition. It is amazing 600-year-old pottery and all these stone statues of Buddha that looks like it was made yesterday. What really brings this place to life for me are the brilliant combination of social mixers and live performance events mixed with culturalRead MoreA Brief History of Buddhism1417 Words   |  6 PagesBuddhism is one of the major religions of the world. It was founded by Siddhartha Guatama (Buddha) in Northeastern India. It arose as a monastic movement during a time of Brahman tradition. Buddhism rejected important views of Hinduism. It did not recognize the validity of the Vedic Scriptures, nor the sacrificial cult which arose from it. It also questioned the authority of the priesthood. Also, the Buddhist movement was open to people of all castes, denying that a persons worth could beRead MoreMahayana Vs. Theravada: A Multiform Comparison Essay1164 Words   |  5 PagesSignificant differences abound between the two principal schools of modern Buddhism, Mahayana and Theravada. Among the many distinctions that exist, a few could be considered especially integral to an understanding of how these mutually exclusive divisions contrast with each other. Before treating these specific dissimilarities, however, it must be established that the one, fundamental divergence between the sects, which could possibly be understood as resulting in the following earmarks that makeRead MoreThe Concepts Of Hinduism And Buddhism1749 Words   |  7 Pages The Concepts of Hinduism and Buddhism (Name) (Course name) (Instructors name) (Date of submission) The Concepts of Hinduism and Buddhism Buddhism and Hinduism have common roots: both religions have arisen in India. However, over long history of its formation, Buddhism has absorbed traditions of many civilizations of the East. It was not just a religion. This teaching is about personal enlightenment and contemplation of spirit. This awakening of soul has no reference to God. AccordingRead MoreThe Importance Of A Mahayana And Theravada Schools1671 Words   |  7 Pagesan intellectually complex religion. With a unique culture, this differentiates Buddhism from other religions. The complexity of Buddhism influenced by Buddhist schools changes an individual s perspective and attitudes. Interpretation of the stimulus will vary from a Theravada to a Mahayana Buddhist as their core beliefs of Buddhism differ from each other. This essay will analyse the views of a Mahayana and Theravada Buddhist towards the cartoon drawn by an Australian cartoonist and artist, MichaelRead MoreTaking a Look at Buddhism663 Words   |  3 Page sstudying the World religion textbook one of our chapter assigned was about Buddhism. I found the chapter very intriguing, since I am Christian that has not had much religion experiences outside of Christianity. The Buddhism chapter was very refreshing to read. I was captivated by the culture that I had to know more about it. That is why I decided to write about early Buddhism origins and practices in India. The word Buddhism represents â€Å"to awaken†. It emanates from two thousand five hundred yearsRead MoreThe Concept Of Hinduism And Buddhism1513 Words   |  7 PagesAND BUDDHISM Hinduism is often called one of the oldest living religions or oldest living major traditions amongst other religions still being practiced currently, this is due to the fact that certain elements within Hinduism stretches back for thousands of years. Hinduism is often referred to as â€Å"Sanatana Dharma†, a Sanskrit phrase meaning â€Å"the eternal law†. Also, it does not have a single definition mostly because it holds a vast array of beliefs and also because it can be linked to Buddhism, JainismRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Siddhartha s Life1758 Words   |  8 Pagespracticing ascetic. This is when he first perceived these realities of human life. He suddenly became aware of the causes of suffering in the world. This encounter showed him, what he thought was the way to overcome life s sufferings, the ascetic path. At the age of twenty-nine he left his wife, his son, and his palace behind to lead a life of extreme asceticism that he believed could lead him to the answer of overcoming human suffering. For six years Siddhartha Gautama followed asceticism and meditationRead MoreEssay about Buddhism1176 Words   |  5 PagesBuddhism Buddhism is the great oriental religion founded by Guatama Buddha, who lived and taught in India in the sixth century BC All Buddhists trace their faith to Buddha and revere his person (Frederic 15). Nearly all types of Buddhism include monastic orders whose members serve as teachers and clergy to the lay community (Maraldo 19). However, beyond these common features the numerous sects of modern Buddhism exhibit great variety in their beliefs and practices. In its oldest surviving form

Causes of Psychological Trauma and Its Effects on Young...

According to the report of FBI(2000), the number of anti-islamic hate crime incidents prior the terrorist attacks were 28. In the immediate year after 9/11, 481 incidents were reported against the Muslims and Arabs(FBI 2002). The hate crime statistics of FBI conforms a staggering increase of 1617 percent in such a short period of time. The Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee (ADC) reported that over 700 violent incidents were ruthlessly targeted against Arab Americans within the first 9 weeks after the 9/11(Ibish 2003). These incidents included physical violence, death threats, harassment, mockery ,hate mails and many others. Suddenly, an unknown society was brought into the negative spotlight due to the actions of a handful of people.†¦show more content†¦Students complained that their hijab(head covering worn by Muslim women) were snatched frequently. There were several reports of harassments, assaults and hate comments made to the students in their schools. Even the elemen tary school children, were accused for the terrorist attacks (Ibish 2003). In some cases, student refused going to school and rather asked to be home schooled. Many showed signs of fear, stress, tension, bed-witting and anger as reported by parents (Ibish 2003). Presently, the anti-islamic hate crimes have decreased in comparison to the following year of 9/11. But still 160 incidents of hateful activities against the Arabs and Muslims were reported, which still is 4.7 times more than 28 hate crime incidents recorded prior to 2001 (FBI 2010). Many young Arab Americans were forced to work under hostile circumstances. Reports reveal that Muslims and Arab Americans were traumatized due to the discriminatory behaviors in the workplaces. According to Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee (ADC), over 800 cases of work discriminations were recorded following the year of 9/11(Hussein 2003). The major discriminatory activities included various types of harassment in the workplaces, ineffective job placements and no consideration for promotions. According to Faisal Rabby and William M. Rodgers, â€Å"...9/11 and the anti-terrorism measures were associated with a relativeShow MoreRelatedHistorical Scholarship On Conspiracy On American Culture1254 Words   |  6 Pageslacked explanation, it seemed as though the book was only written to those in the same academic field. He does an admirable job in establishing new diversities in millennial Christians. Barkum’s research, similar to Dean and Farrell, indicates the American public lacks the ability to distinguishing the real from the fictional which easily accessible through social media. The rise of skeptical society discussed by Ferrell includes more detailed account. Despite the fact that Barkum and Dean’s argumentRead More War Creates Social Division, Not Cohesion Essay5403 Words   |  22 PagesWar Creates Social Division, Not Cohesion In attempts to truthfully learn from our past and make progress towards a peaceful world with equality for all, the topic of war, and the effects of war, is an importance issue. Many people believe that war, although obviously destructive, does lead to social cohesion within the particular nation-state at war. The Senate of Canada defines social cohesion as the capacity of citizens living under different social or economic circumstances to live togetherRead MoreCuases Impact of Rural - Urban Migration from District Swabi to Peshawar14595 Words   |  59 PagesMIGRATION OF PEOPLE FROM RURAL AREA TO URBAN AREA IS INTERNAL MIGRATION. AS A RESEARCHER WE HAVE TRIED TO EVALUATE CAUSES AND IMPACT OF RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION FROM SWABI TO PESHAWAR. THE RESEARCH IS CONDUCTED UNDER THE FOLLOWING OBJECTIVES: (I) TO KNOW ABOUT VARIOUS SOCIO-ECONOMIC CAUSES OF RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION. (II) TO HIGHLIGHT POLITICAL REASONS AND (III) TO FIND OUT ITS PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT. FOR DATA COLLECTION 40 RESPONDEN TS WERE SELECTED ON RANDOM SAMPLING METHOD. QUESTIONNAIRE WAS USED AS A TOOLRead MoreEthnic Reproduction and the Amniotic Deep: Joy Kogawas Obasan13316 Words   |  54 Pagesdeception (p. 445) Relationship dissolution as a process (p. 445) Duck’s model (p. 445) Conclusions: what happens after divorce? (p. 446) Chapter summary (p. 446) Links with other topics/chapters (p. 448) Dynamic Learning Resources (p. 448) 2/11/2010 8:27:31 PM INTRODUCTION and OVERVIEW According to popular belief, it’s love that makes the world go round. But according to Rubin and NcNeil (1983), liking perhaps more than loving is what keeps it spinning. How are liking and loving relatedRead MorePeculiarities of Euphemisms in English and Difficulties in Their Translation19488 Words   |  78 PagesINTRODUCTION 2 CHAPTER I. THE NOTION OF EUPHEMISMS IN ENGLISH 5 I.1. Definition of Euphemisms 5 I.2. Classification of Euphemisms 6 I.3. Ambiguity and Logic 9 CHAPTER II. SOURCES OF EUPHEMISMS 15 II.1. The Language of Political Correctness 15 II.2. Obscurity, Officialese,Jornalese, Commercialese 20 II.3. Vogue Words 24 II.4. Woolliness 27 II.5. Euphemisms Used in Different Spheres of Our Life 29 CHAPTER III. TRANSLATION OF EUPHEMISMS 34 III.1. Grammatical Difficulties inRead MoreRobotic Assisted Surgery16730 Words   |  67 PagesCutrer)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.12-17 III. Political and Legal Influences (Richard Field)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.17-27 IV. Economic Issues (Charles Engle)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.27-35 V. Psychological and Sociological Effects (Nada Dakroub)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦ 35-44 VI. Cultural and Artistic Considerations (Ryan Ferree)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.44-50 VII. Environmental Effects (Yarin Garcia Miralles)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦51-56 VIII. Moral and Ethical Considerations (Yarin Garcia Miralles)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.56-61 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.61-62 Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages3—dc23 2011038674 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 10: 0-13-283487-1 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-283487-2 Brief Contents Preface xxii 1 2 Introduction 1 What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Individual 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Diversity in Organizations 39 Attitudes and Job Satisfaction 69 Emotions and Moods 97 Personality and Values 131 Perception and Individual Decision Making 165 Motivation Concepts 201 Motivation: From Concepts to Applications 239 3 The Group 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 FoundationsRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesand Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam Wineburg, Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts: Charting the Future of Teaching the Past Sharon Hartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesactivities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo SydneyRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesDuberley, Joanne. II. Johnson, Phil, 1955III. Title. HM786.M33 2007 302.3’5—dc22 2006022347 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 10 09 08 07 06 Typeset in 10/12.5 pt sabon by 72 Printed by Ashford Colour Press Ltd., Gosport The publisher’s policy is to use paper manufactured from sustainable forests. . Brief Contents Preface List of figures List of tables Acknowledgements xiii xvii xix xx 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Introducing organization theory: what is it, and why does it matter? Modernist organization

Character Analysis of Daisy in the Great Gatsby free essay sample

Daisy Buchanan is Nicks cousin and is introduced to the story when Nick goes to her house for a visit. The house is a huge Georgian Colonial mansion situated in East Egg, overlooking the bay. She lives there with her husband, Tom, and her 3 month old daughter. It is clear from everything about them that they extremly rich and well off, but their money has made them arrogant. They feel that they, espically Tom, are better and more suprior than eveyone else and look down on and condesend to anyone below them in wealth and scoial standing. When Nich arrives at the house he is meet by Tom standing dominatly on the steps up to the house. He leads Nick into the sitting room where he finds Daisy and Jordan Baker, who is in many ways an unmarried version of Daisy, dressed all in white, sitting on an enormous couch.. buoyed up as though upon an anchored balloon. We will write a custom essay sample on Character Analysis of Daisy in the Great Gatsby or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page . rippling and fluttering as if it had just been blown back in after a short flight around the house. From this moment, Daisy becomes like an angel on earth. She is routinely linked with the color white, always at the height of fashion and addressing people with only the most endearing terms. She appears pure in a world of cheats and liars. As the visit goes on we learn more and more about here we begin to notice her charchteristics and personality. We notice her voice which is metioned as thrilling, glowing and singing. She seems friendly and happy to meet Nick and talk to him about his life. But as the chapter goes on we learn otherwise. Although Daisy stands in stark contrast to her husband, Tom, she is frail and diminutive, and actually labors at being shallow. She laughs at every opportunity. Daisy is utterly transparent, feebly affecting an air of worldliness and cynicism. Though she breezily remarks that everything is in decline, she does so only in order to seem to agree with her husband. She and Jordan are dressed in white when Nick arrives, and she mentions that they spent a white girl-hood together; the ostensible purity of Daisy and Jordan stands in ironic contrast to their actual decadence and corruption. But there’s certainly something about Daisy that makes her special. She’s not like any of the other woman. What is it about her that’s so different, so thrilling, so intriguing? Of course, shes beautiful – in her hometown of Louisville, she was always the belle of the ball. She’s also fun-loving and something of a flirt. Her conversation is charmingly sassy and delightfully frivolous. Even Nick, her cousin, can’t help but be taken in by Daisy’s many charms. But simply being charming isn’t enough to make Daisy stand out from the crowd. There is something else that makes her special and different. There are many reasons why daisy is found so attaractive, from her voice to her physical beauty. Her physical beauty can be seen from the fact that Tom, being so arrogant and competitive, would not have settled for any thing else than the most beautiful girl he could find. The real problem is that Daisy isn’t really some mythical, divine creature. She’s ultimately a real, living, breathing woman, who’s flawed, just like the rest of us. Daisy is used to her life being a certain way – she follows certain rules, she expects certain rewards. Daisy is in love with money, ease, and material luxury. She canot live with out it. Everything she does gives of an air of upper class ven if she herself is quite crass. She seems to hide behind her money, being in a distinguished secret society to which she and Tom belonged.

The heat was unbearable as I pulled up to the star Essay Example For Students

The heat was unbearable as I pulled up to the star Essay ting line. The smell of exhaust gases and burned rubber filled the air. The starting light received my fullest attention, zoning everything out of my conscience. 321green light! I stomped my foot on the accelerator as I side stepped my clutch. Shifting into second gear, I flipped the switch to my nitrous oxide system. Instantaneously I was thrown back into my seat. All of a sudden a loud pop disturbed the smooth roar of my engine. Halfway down the track my engine shut off and forced me to coast the car to the finish line. My teammates were already waiting at the end of the drag strip. Unable to restart my car, we pushed it back to our pit area. My hopes were crushed as I went over the fact that my day of racing was already over. We will write a custom essay on The heat was unbearable as I pulled up to the star specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Drag racing is a big part of my life. All of my spare time is spent working on my 1996 Honda Accord. With a big import drag racing approaching quickly, I spent most of my waking hours for a week tuning my car. Sweat and hours of hard work finally prepared my car for racing. The interior was stripped down to the sheet metal and contained only the drivers seat to reduce weight. The whole exhaust system was removed to gain that little edge of power, which is essential for racing. My car was finally race ready, waiting to tear up the track. The following day, our race team met up at the track. In the pit area, we changed out our street tires for high performance drag slicks. After a few more last minute adjustments, I pulled into the staging lane and waited for my turn to race. Little did I know that my first race would end up in disaster, a blown engine. All of the hard work and dedication towards my car seemed to be a futile effort because of the bad results. After we pushed my car back to the pit area, we took apart the engine, looking for the problem. I immediately found it to be a bent cam sprocket. The situation seemed hopeless because I had a tuned specially tuned sprocket. We scrambled around the track asking people if they had any spares, yet our efforts seemed fruitless. With the nest race approaching quickly, we ran into a little luck. It wasnt the best sprocket, but it would have to do. I barely put the engine together in time to make the next rounds of racing.Once again I pulled back into the staging lanes and resumed the wait for my second run. Half an hour later, I was back at the starting line. Just like my previous run I concentrated on the lights. However, this time, my concentration was overshadowed by the outcome of my earlier race. As the light turned green, I left the line with a perfect start; I shifted into second and punched my nitrous once again. The car steadily picked up speed and as soon as the race had started I was passing the finish line going over a hundred miles an hour. A sigh of relief escaped from me as I glanced over at my opponents lanevictory.Even though I made it to the final rounds of elimination I lost the final and most important race. However, I didnt care about the loss because I knew that instead of making it this far, I could have been standing on the sideline with a broken car instead of racing. I realized that any obstacle would be overcome if you pursued it hard enough. Pursuit of happiness and achieving goals is an important part of life. Difficulties and a lack of results should not discourage ones strive for happiness. If the desire to accomplish something is great enough dreams can be achieved no matter what the hardships or the time it takes. .ufcaa698a64b0835552620886a259958e , .ufcaa698a64b0835552620886a259958e .postImageUrl , .ufcaa698a64b0835552620886a259958e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufcaa698a64b0835552620886a259958e , .ufcaa698a64b0835552620886a259958e:hover , .ufcaa698a64b0835552620886a259958e:visited , .ufcaa698a64b0835552620886a259958e:active { border:0!important; } .ufcaa698a64b0835552620886a259958e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufcaa698a64b0835552620886a259958e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufcaa698a64b0835552620886a259958e:active , .ufcaa698a64b0835552620886a259958e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufcaa698a64b0835552620886a259958e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufcaa698a64b0835552620886a259958e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufcaa698a64b0835552620886a259958e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufcaa698a64b0835552620886a259958e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufcaa698a64b0835552620886a259958e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufcaa698a64b0835552620886a259958e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufcaa698a64b0835552620886a259958e .ufcaa698a64b0835552620886a259958e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufcaa698a64b0835552620886a259958e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ryan Vergara-Mangan Essay Difficulties will make the achievement of a goal much more sweet because of the rewards of overcoming the little kinks and knots of life.

Community Service Project Essays

Community Service Project Essays Community Service Project Essay Community Service Project Essay (a) What does community service/volunteerism mean to you? * I define volunteerism as a service performed for the benefit of others with little or no benefit to the person carrying out the service. One may volunteer for many reasons but these should not include expecting to receive an income or publicity for work being done. One benefit that a volunteer may have however is growing their knowledge base about the activity in which they are participating. One should think about the ways which they can make their community a better place to live for themselves and everyone else. It’s really not that hard, carrying out simple actions like helping an elderly person to cross the road or donating your unworn clothes to persons who have a greater need for it can be classified as volunteerism. (b) Which two of the four goals of Vision 2030 do you think is most closely linked to community service/volunteerism? Why? * Of the four goals of Vision 2030, I think that the first goal- â€Å"Jamaicans are empowered to achieve their fullest potential† and the fourth goal- â€Å"Jamaica has a natural healthy environment† would be the two most closely linked to volunteerism. Through personal empowerment, volunteers may seek to realize their full potential by conveying to themselves tasks which will benefit them as well as the society in which they live. Volunteers may seek to assist persons with additional training they may need as well as school projects. This is done in effort to bring forth well rounded individuals. The final goal of Vision 2030 states that Jamaica has a natural and healthy environment. Volunteers can help Jamaica to achieve this by cleaning up their environment and various communities. By doing so, they will have helped to create healthy and comfortable surroundings for all citizens. c) Select one of the two goals discussed in (b) and suggest ways you can contribute to achieving this goal through your community service. * I believe that I can help to carry out goal four of Vision 2030. The Bible (NIV) says in 1st Peter 4:10 â€Å"Each of you should use whatever gift you have received to serve others, as faithful stewards of God†™s grace in its various forms† and so I believe that each and every one of us were made stewards of this Earth and that it is our responsibility to take care of the environment and all things in it. Stewardship aids in the development of society and so I will take it upon myself to volunteer at Hope Zoo Preservation so I can develop better work ethics, make good use of my free time as well as help the organization to return to its former glory. This includes participating in cleanup activities, carrying out administrative tasks and doing everything else in my power to facilitate smooth operation so that visitors will always remember Hope Zoo not just as a commodity but as an experience. Lecturer’s Signature________________________ Submission Date___________________________ Reflection Piece #2 a. Identify your agency and briefly discuss the history, goals and objectives of the agency. * The organization that I have been contributing to for a greater cause is Hope Zoo which is located on Old Hope Road, Kgn 6 in St. Andrew, Jamaica. The institution, a section of the Hope Botanical Gardens and Zoo was originally a part of Hope Estate which was owned and operated by Richard Hope- a former commander in the British army- who had been gifted the estate in return for helping Britain take control of Jamaica. What we now know as Hope Botanical Gardens and Zoo is the largest in the Caribbean and is just 200 acres of the estate which was bought by the Government to establish an experimental garden for foreign species in the late nineteenth century. One very important moment in the history of Hope Gardens is Queen Elizabeth II’s visit in 1953. Hope Zoo has been undergoing some major restoration changes over the years and in 2005, the Nature Preservation Foundation (NPF) took charge. The NPF intends to â€Å"develop and manage Hope Zoo and the Royal Botanic Gardens as a sustainable facility for environmental education, applied research, recreation, wildlife and flora conservation for Jamaica and the region; and to position the facility as part of the Tourism Product. † b. Bearing the Vision 2030 goal you selected in reflection 1 in mind, identify a set of objectives you aim to fulfill in your assignment at the agency. * I chose the fourth goal of Vision 2030- â€Å"Jamaica has a natural healthy environment†. The objectives I aim to fulfill in my assignment at Hope Zoo include: participating in cleanup activities so that the staff, guests as well as animals can benefit from existing in a clean environment; carrying out administrative tasks in an attempt to lessen the work load of the administrative department as well as being readily available to any visitor who may have questions or need help with something in an attempt to facilitate smooth operation. c. Discuss the specific steps you will take to accomplish these objectives. In order to accomplish these objectives, I will ensure my early arrival to the institution each time I am on duty and immediately report to my supervisor for a list of my duties for the day. I will then proceed to complete my tasks which will revolve around the objectives mentioned above as well as observing my surroundings to see what else needs to be done and how I can make a contribution. These steps will be completed in an effort to make Hope Zoo a better place and in agreement with Vision 2030: Jamaica. Lecturer’s Signature________________________ Submission Date___________________________ Reflection Piece #3 a. Identify some of the problems/issues you experienced during your placement. * This has been a very good experience, however I did not particularly appreciate being harassed by a particular zoo keeper on more than one occasions during my forty hours of service. b. To what extent did problems you encountered/witnessed in your placement reflect problems prevalent in the wider Jamaican society? Being troubled or provoked by persons in the workplace causes discomfort and disagreement. This is mostly done out of envy or jealousy. One worker may do it to get another worker angry enough to react violently, no doubt getting into problems with the manager and possibly losing his/her job. Either way, victims of this are often not very happy with their jobs and so productivity levels tend to decrease. There may also be a lack of interest in completing tasks efficiently as workers would have lost focus. c. What impact do you think these problems will have on our ability to achieve the goals laid out in Vision 2030? * I believe that provocation between workers will have an impact on the country’s ability to achieve goal one -â€Å"Jamaicans are empowered to reach their fullest potential† and goal 3 -â€Å"Jamaica’s economy is prosperous†. Jamaicans will not have reached their fullest potential by 2030 if there is constant workplace harassment or violence as this would have caused their interest and determination levels to decrease. If a worker’s determination and desire to carry out his/her duties effectively decreases, productivity levels will also decrease and so Jamaica’s economy will not be as prosperous we want it to be by 2030. d. What solution did you employ to address the problem? * I addressed the problem by having a private chat with the person about my issue as well as possible implications of workplace harassment on the business itself. I made sure he understood my position and we came to a truce. I can honestly say this worked wonders as up until this point we have not had another conflict. Lecturer’s Signature: Submission Date: ____________________

The Behavior of the Marketer Both Before and After the Purchase Research Paper

The Behavior of the Marketer Both Before and After the Purchase - Research Paper Example Purchasing was not a big task around two-three decades before. The only thing the consumers thought before purchasing a product earlier was about the necessity of the product and the financial abilities of the consumer. But at present, the consumer needs and the behaviours have changed a lot. The living,g standards and the levels are changed a lot and based on that the consumer behaviours also changed. Moreover, the competition is so stiff nowadays that even for a particular product, dozens of options are available for the consumers. Because of this increased availability of different brands of products, consumers are more selective nowadays. They compare the features of a product with competing products before taking their purchasing decisions. Marketers found it extremely difficult to convince the current consumers. Current Consumers consider so many factors before making a purchasing decision. Two of my neighbours recently purchased two cars from different suppliers. I have interv iewed them to learn more about the current trends in the consumer behaviours before the purchasing. I have asked the same questions to both of them their responses taken as the base for writing this paper. For convenience, I call them consumer A and consumer B in this paper. Consume,r A was richer and more educated than Consumer B. Moreover, consumer A was working in the city as a system analyst in a multinational company whereas consumer B was a teacher in a rural school. For convenience, I have used the responses of both the consumers to each question alternatively to get a good comparison about the different purchasing behaviours of people.

SEE Business Services Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

SEE Business Services - Literature review Example However, various factors might result to this kind of scenario. For instance, the ever-changing business environment will push many business people and entrepreneurs to seeking more information on how they can utilize the business opportunity effectively. Because of this, the membership will increase because one of the objectives of the organization is to develop members. Additionally, the members have a forum to share their experiences and educate each other on various business and entrepreneurial ventures. Another major cause of increase in membership is favorable business environment that will encourage business hence the need for people to join the organization in order to gain knowledge. The driving force for this is that the organization provides an environment of sharing between members. Moreover, the organization encourages and celebrates outstanding business practices. Similarly, a favorable business environment will lead to an increased number of businesses and as a result, more people would want to join the organization in order to benefit and improve their business (Franz & Huemer 2007, p.6). Consequently, a favorable business environment will also lead to an increased number of entrepreneurs hence increasing the number of people who want to join the organization. ... Furthermore, the organization is bridging an information gap that exists in the market hence many want to join and benefit from the services that it offers. Another reason for the sharp increase in the number of people wanting to join the organization is the few number of organization that offer similar services. These are some of the courses for the increasing number of people that want to become members of the organization. However, for the organization to manage this increase effectively without negatively affecting the value of services it provides then it needs to develop smaller business development teams at the regional level that will deal with all the needs and concerns of members. These business development teams will perform a similar function as those in the head office in order to, effectively, manage the rising number of members without having a breakdown. However, they will not be in a position to make decisions. The management of the organization will be the sole cust odians of all rights and privileges. Additionally, these development teams will work as the head office directs. 2.0 Change Facilitation (a) Force Field Analysis Diagram +10 +5 0 -5 -10 \\\\\ The size of the arrow signifies strength i.e. the longer the arrow the stronger the force the shorter the arrow the weaker the force (Harris, 2002, p. 20). However, looking at the Field Force Analysis Diagram, there are several forces that the organization is facing. These forces are from all involved parties in the organization. For instance, the regional officers are advocating for decentralization in the organization so that more members can get services closer to them and faster than when the head office

Case Study Of The Akosombo Hydroelectric Dam Environmental Sciences Essay

Case Study Of The Akosombo Hydroelectric Dam Environmental Sciences Essay The construction of Akosombo dam on the Volta river basin in Ghana created Volta Lake the largest man-made lake by surface area in the World. The purpose of this study was to examine the benefit and consequences of the dam on social, environmental and health issues. Critical analyses of primary literature over five decades were reviewed and some management solutions were outlined. The Akosombo hydroelectric project (HEP) contributed to accelerating of Ghanas economic development through industrial and mining sectors as well as for providing cheap electricity for domestic and commercial consumer. Fishing, transportation and tourism were positive benefit from the dam. However, negative impacts like the resettlement of 80 000 people, increase in health problem like the high rate of HIV, socio economic deprivation and injustice and destruction of the ecosystem. The greatest challenge facing Akosombo is management and lack of research on the aquatic systems at the basin. Key recommendatio n includes environmental compensatory approach and research into environmental flows of the Volta River. Ultimately, it is important for future HEP in Ghana be precede and adheres to EIA reports and involves stakeholders from planning to post construction stage to maximize overall development benefits, encompassing economic, social, and environmental impacts INTRODUCTION Hydro-electric power is an important source of energy for many countries especially in the tropical countries without advance technological development. In 2007, 3.2 % of global energy consumption and 20% of electricity generated came from hydropower (IEA, 2010). In many countries especially in Central America and Sub-Sahara Africa over half of all electricity generated comes from HEP (Anderson et al. 2006a and Gyau-Boakye 2001). The major advantages of HEP which makes it a preferred renewable energy sources are cost, zero air pollution, longer life span of plant, the low level of expertise for running and maintenance of HEP and lack of post production storage problems. Perhaps the biggest advantage hydropower enjoys over other sources is the fact that the cost per unit of electricity generated from hydro is cheaper than any other source. Globally, the trend of newly constructed hydropower has shifted from the temperate region to the tropical regions in the last two decades (Pringle et al., 2000). Dams construction is expected to double in developing countries due to expanding human populations, increasing rural electrification, and growing demands for electricity in the developing countries (Anderson et al. 2006a). Although the bulk of hydrodams constructed recently have been in the developing countries with China leading the number of newly constructed dams, the recent announcement of a major dam to be constructed in Alaska indicate the pull of hydro even as undaming of major rivers is taking place. It is projected that hydropower production would grow by nearly 60% in 2050 if the current rate of construction is maintained.(dams.org, 2010) Despite the numerous advantages, hydro-electric power (HEP) causes more ecological damage than all the rest of the renewable energy put together. The damage done to the natural flow system of rivers and associated impact on the ecosystem are documented in many studies (Anderson et al., 2006b; Pingle et al., 2000; Craig, 2000). They include natural flow alteration of a river, destruction of hydrologic connectivity, impeding the migration of fish and other aquatic biota effects. Asides the ecological impact, there is also the issue of social impact on the communities which includes changes in the landscape leading to flooding, displacement of local residents, increase in health risk factors as a result of the dam and reported deaths from dam failures. The Volta River Basin is located in West Africa and covers an estimated area of 400,000 km2 and is spread over six West African riparian countries (Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Cote dIvoire and Mali). There are a number of dams located within the Basin of which three large ones, Akosombo, Bagre and Kompienga, are solely for hydropower purposes. The Akosombo dam, which was constructed from 1962 to 1966 in Ghana, is by far the most significant structure built in the basin since the resulting lake is the one of the largest man-made lake in the world (Barry et al., 2005) and covers 4% of the surface area in Ghana however, the actual reservoir only has a surface area of about 8500 km2, an average depth of about 18.8m and a shoreline of about 5,500 km (Barry et al., 2005). The formation of the lake led to the generation of economic activities like transportation, fishing and tourism along the lake (Kumi, 1973). Although the primary purpose of the Akosombo hydrodam was to supply electricity for Volta Aluminum Smelting Company (VALCO) located 80km from the dam at Tema, Ghana, it contributed to accelerating of Ghanas economic development through industrial and mining sectors after its construction as well as for domestic and commercial consumers. Currently the dam supplies around 85% of Ghanas electricity need providing an average annual output of 6100 GWh. Despite the benefit of the dam to the country the long term environmental and social cost has been staggering. This paper seeks to review the impact of hydrodams in the Volta Basin with primary focus on the Akosombo dam. The aim of this study explores the biodiversity challenges facing the basin as a result of the HEP construction and review the impact on the social and the ecological aspects of the basin. Primary literature would be used to assess how the dam has positively or negatively affected the socio-environment aspects [the ecosystem (physical components, the biological community and water quality), social, health and economic impacts] of the basin. The study would focus specifically on the Akosombo but inference would be drawn from other dams across the basin in the analysis. Based on the study, outlined recommendations and solutions would be made for existing and future dams that might be constructed on the Volta River THE AKOSOMBO HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT The Volta Basin lies within latitudes 5 °.30 N and 14 °.30 N and longitudes 2 °.00 E and 5 °.30W. It is located in West Africa with six riparian countries (Ghana (42%) and Burkina Faso (43%) and the remaining 15% in Mali, Cà ´te dIvoire, Togo, and Benin) with Ghana occupying the downstream of the basin (figure 1). The building of the Akosombo dam follows almost a period of two decades of planning which began in 1947 when the first feasibility studies were conducted on the potential for volta river as a hydropower source. The bulk of the funding for the project estimated $ 260 million. was secured by Kaiser Aluminum from a US bank under persuasion from President Eisenhower in face saving from public relation disaster (GW 2010) The HEP was directly linked to efforts made to develop the huge Ghanas integrated bauxite to aluminium industry. The actual construction of the dam took place within1962-1972 under the management of the Volta River Authority (VRA) who were legally manda ted by the Act 46 to be caretakers of all Volta River related activities in Ghana. The Volta River Authority (VRA), a government owned utility, is largely responsible for electricity generation and transmission in Ghana. There were three phases of the project, phase one was the installation of 588MW unit of electricity which was completed in 1966m. The second phase involved an addition of 304MW electricity which resulted in total of 912 MW at the Akosombo dam. The last phase of the project was the setting up of a smaller HEP dam, 21km downstream, at Kpong. In terms of dam classification, the Akosombo dam is often classified as large dam whiles that of Kpong is classified as small hydro dam. Today a total of 1072MW of electricity is generated by the Akosombo HEP (VRA, 2010). The first phase of the projected resulted in the creation of Lake Volta (man-made lake) which is the most significant water body in the Volta basin. The lake covers an estimated area of 8500 km2, a length of 400 km and a shoreline of 5500km (Gyau-Boakye 2001) but rather shallow with a maximum depth of 113m. It receives flows from three rivers Oti, Black Volta and White Volta and discharges into the lower Volta river and then the Atlantic Ocean. The maximum capacity is around 150,000 million m3 of water at its peak of 278 feet. (VRA 2010) The main objective of HEP production is to make VALCO energy sufficient so that its activity which is mainly aluminum smelting would be proceed without interruption. The other objectives were to supply electricity for both domestic and industrial use and also export to the basin sharing countries (Benin and Togo). The Volta River Authority (VRA) a government owned entity was established in 1961 under the Volta River Development Act 46 and tasked with the management, maintenance and sustainability of the Volta River and HEP production. The act also gave the VRA the responsibility to generate and transmit electricity as well as safe-guarding the health and socio-economic well being of the inhabitants of the communities alongside the lake. Prior to the flooding stage of the dam, the VRA had to relocate people inhabiting traditional, administrative and all other lands that were to be inundated. BENEFITS OF HYDROPOWER FOR GHANA The construction of the Akosombo HEP and the creation of the Volta Lake have provided several positive benefits. The Akosombo HEP provides over 85% of all electricity generated in Ghana (Winston et al., 2006). The electricity generated has encouraged economic and industrial development in Ghana. Prior to the construction of the Akosombo HEP, Ghanas total power usage was around 70MW and this was isolated with individual standalone power supply system which was owned by industrial establishment such as the mines, factories and other major institutions (Aryeetey, 2005).and assess to electricity was restricted to less than 3% of the population. Today an estimated 60% of the population has access to electricity including 20% of the rural communities (ECG, 2008). Over two-thirds of all the electricity generated goes to industries and commercial entities; this led to rapid expansion and immigration of industries into Ghana from other West African countries to take advantage of the cheap ele ctricity available from the HEP. As a result Ghanas economy is twice the average of the West African sub region (IMF, 2010). In years of drought where HEP energy generation has been poor, unemployment rate rises exponential attesting to a positive externality of the Akosombo dam. The creation of the Volta Lake led to increase in fishing stock thereby making fishing a lucrative business to the inhabitants along the lake. Similarly, farming activities also intensified along the 5500 km shoreline especially locations downstream of the lake as a result of water availability for the purposes of irrigation and more importantly alluvium sediment deposition which is very fertile and has high content of organic matter. Also the navigation on the Volta river has changed significantly serving as a mean for transportation for goods and people across the lake where road are poor or unavailable. To the inhabitants creation of the transportation route on the lake which stretches from south to north has been one of the important benefits to the communities. The direct tourism impact resulting from the lake includes opening up part of hitherto inaccessible attractions (because of the location of the dam, the sight of the lake the environment, etc.) to both local and internati onal travelers. The lake and its designated national park Digya located at the west shore of Lake Volta and the resort island have provided a popular holiday destination. CONSEQUENCES OF AKOSOMBO HYDROPOWER Like all hydropower dams constructed the Akosombo HEP have had a social, environmental and physical impact on the communities upstream, downstream, the project site and even beyond the extent of the dam. On the social front the most prominent problem that is directly linked to the HEP is the displacement of 80,000 people across 700 villages in low lying areas and resettle them into 52 new villages (Kalitsi,2000). The lost of the original communities resulted in many socio-physiological problems in the communities including high death rate among the aged, breakdown of cultural practices and breakdown of traditional law and order (Gyau-Boakye, 2001). The higher death rate is attributed to the grieving for the lost land syndrome (Okoh, 1986). The Volta lake creation leads to a loss of 3.6% of the total land surface of Ghana including forest land to the reservoir.(Fobil et al. 2001) The lost land lead to decline in the primary economic activities of crop and livestock farming for most of the communities both downstream and upstream of the dam. As a result of less arable land to farm the men switch to fishing while most of the women (a taboo for women to fish in Ghana) were involved in pr ostitution as a profession to satisfy the male workers whom were building the dam. (Suave et al. 2002) In terms of the standards of living the inhabitant of the project site Akosombo enjoy the best living condition not only in the entire Volta basin but better than the major urban centers in Ghana. Surprisingly, the upstream communities and downstream communities are among the poorest in the country lacking access to basic necessities like hospital, roads, proper sanitation and water facilities. Perhaps the most ironic social injustice to the communities upstream and downstream is that it took three decades to be connected to the national electricity grids. The HEP have increased the health related issues among the communities living around lake except in the town of Akosombo (Zakhary, 1997). Sam (1993), in his survey concluded increases in diseases such as schistosomiasis (bilharzia), malaria, onchocerciasis are directly due to Akosombo HEP. This is dues to the presence of aquatic weeds and increase in the population of water-born vectors like mosquitoes, black fly and snails.(Gyau-Boakye, 2001) Specifically, Urinary schistosomiasis (Bilharzia) has seen the increase of the incidence from 2% to 32% at Mepe,( downstream) and 0.5% to 27.4% at Adawso/ Okradjei, (upstream) along the lake (Zakhary,1997). Malaria has increased by an average of 10% both upstream and downstream since the construction of the dam. The fly, Simulium damnosum which cause Onchocerciasis (river blindness) also increased downstream in Kpong between 1970 to 1980 due to the new breading grounds created by the Akosombo dam, however the fly was not found again after compl etion of the smaller dam in Kpong in 1982 (Gyau-Boakye, 2001). As stated earlier The period between after the construction of the dam (1970-1980) coincide with the worst economic period in Ghana and the associated political uncertainty forcing the migration of the young women whom were inducted into prostitution during the dam construction to the various neighboring countries. Sauve ´ et al 2002 concluded that the high HIV prevalence rate (14.1% compare to 3% for the country) in Manya Krobo and Yilo Krobo districts located west and south of the Akosombo dam to a greater extent, a consequence of construction of the Akosombo dam in the 1960s prompted economically driven migration, specially to Cà ´te dIvoire, where many migrants became infected with HIV. This is surprising and rather peculiar to find a prevalence of HIV in semi-urban area that is much higher than those found in the countrys major cities. (Sauve ´ et al 2002). In terms of the physical geomorphology, the dam have created physical environmental problem. The most obvious is the increase in seismic activities around the dam since the construction of the lake. 4 major earthquakes of magnitude 5 or higher have been recorded in the area. Since there is no geological fault zone present in the lake, it is believe the earthquakes are due to the overloading of the geological bedrock underlying the lake with which is triggering the active Akwapim fault (Gyau-Boakye, 2001). Kumi (1973) concluded that the earthquakes might be due to readjustment associated with the lake in-filling. Another physical observation is that, sediments load have decrease by about 60mg/l downstream of the dam as a result of the impoundment (Barry, 2005). The lack of sediment has lead to the erosion of the coastline in the neighboring Togo and Benin at a rate of 10-15m/y (Gyau-Boakye, 2001). Another evidence of change is that the morphology of the delta have shifted 12 km eastwa rd from the original lower Volta entre point to the sea leading to coastal erosion at Ada.(Arp and Baumgaertel, 2005). In accordance with the behavior of tropical dam microclimate the temperature and rainfall in the south eastern part of Ghana is higher than the average in other parts of the basin and this is squarely attributed to the Akosombo HEP (Kumi, 1973, Rosenberg et al., 1990 .Opoku-Ankomah and Amisah 1998). The Akosombo HEP impact on the ecosystem unlike social and health issues have not been fully investigated and well. Fish and other aquatic biota are very sensitive to the hydropower operation due to the ability of the dam to alter and or blocking the migration resulting in genetic disconnect between species population (Baxter, 1977 and Pringle et al., 2000). The first compressive study sixteen (16) months after the construction of the dam by Petr (1967) showed that relative abundance of fish in the Lake were compared with those obtained from fish landings on the Black Volta and from the Niger river survey (Petr 1967). However the study did indicate an increase in plankton feeders, shell fish, Tilapia and a decrease Mormydiad and Alestes along the north-south axis of the river (Petr 1967). In 2000, about 87,500 metric tons of fish catch were recorded from the lake representing 98 % of the inland fresh water fish in Ghana (Braimah, 2001).Current fish estimated yield are 42-52 kg/ha/yea r based on catch statistics with Tilapia dominating the catch. However, the current trend of removal of standing timber in the forest which became part of the lake, in conjunction with overfishing, has negatively impacted the fish stocks especially in shell fish. Recent studies involving 165 fish sample covering 9 species in both the Akosombo and Kpong dam with Lake Bosomtwe (a pristine lake in Ghana) for mercury concentration showed levels below World Health Organization limit of 0.5 ÃŽÂ ¼g gà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢1.suggesting no mercury in the HEP lakes mercury (Agorku et.al. 2009). Unlike newer dams constructed with EIA both the Akosombo and the Kpong dams do not have any fish ladders available for fish migration. In terms of the damage done to the ecosystem are unique and site-specific but generally the impacts invariably affect biota and biodiversity (Anderson 2006a). The Akosombo HEP is ranked in the top ten in terms of both social and environmental damage index (dams.2010). Flooding in the downstream communities is an annual event. The Afraim plain is a low lying rich farm land area suffers annually from the flow of the spillway river. A river flow is highly circumvented leading break in river connectivity. Although not unique to Akosombo, studies have shown that the large-scale impoundment may eliminate unique wildlife habitats and affect populations of endangered species. The Dibgya National Park close to the lake is a wildlife refuge site and it would be interesting to know how the lakes have affected wildlife in the park. Contrary to popular belief that HEP are emission free, scientific fact indicates that large dam projects and their reservoirs produces very significant greenhouse gas es (carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide ) from the rotting of organic matter. The advocacy group International Rivers (formerly known as International Rivers Network concluded from their study Figure 2 that tropical dams in some case might be dirtier then fossil fuel in terms of GHG emission (IR, 2008) .Takeuchi (1997) concluded from his global survey of dams that the damage done to the ecosystem and electricity generated from Akosombo is very disproportionate. These impacts include loss of the actual wetlands as they are modified to suit particular irrigation practices and associated losses in biodiversity. (Takeuchi (1997) CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AKOSOMBO DAM50 YEARS LATER The Akosombo dam in 50 year of operation has been the cornerstone of Ghanas economic and industrial development. Likewise the HEP has cause and continues to remind us daily of the socio-environmental negative impact of living with dam. The original goal of the project in addition to the generation of electric power for industry urban and rural household was to provide opportunities for large-scale irrigation, modernization of agriculture, promotion of factories and industries, and the establishment of tourist facilities. Fifty (50) years later, it appears that the need at the time for the country to have a cheap source of electricity did have overriding priority over other considerations (Arp and Baumgaertel, 2005). The generation of electricity as stated earlier lead to the positive economic and industrial development along the eastern coast of Ghana. Analysis of the project goal and the implementation of the original blue print indicated that the VRA woefully mismanage the dams activities starting from the original resettlement scheme to their inability to meet the electricity need of the country. The resettlement of the communities and the compensation promised to the inhabitants were not fully paid, farming lan ds were insufficient for the villages while a lot of communities downstream whom were not accounted for were ultimately affected by the dam. According to the available data (ECG 2010) and personal observation the VRA after 50 years of operation have failed to meet its goal of providing electricity to the citizenry especially the social injustice that the majority of the affected people by the project were not connected to the national grid until recently .This undoubtedly showed that the authorities neglected the majority of the people affected by the dam to the benefited of the urban dwellers (Girmay, 2002). To their credit VRA undertook some activities towards the fulfillment of non-generation goals like the creation of the Akosombo Textiles Company, Kpong Farms Limited, the Akosombo Hotel Limited and Volta Lake Transport Company Limited (VLTC) to boast jobs and economic activity within the region. The downside to these projects is that inhabitants did not have the specialized ski lls and education levels required to take advantage of working in textiles industries or operating advanced machinery in the 1960s. The VRA irrigation and modernization of agriculture programs collapsed after at the implementation stage. Such program would have been more beneficial to the communities living along the dam since prior to the construction of the dam the majority of the people were into farming. The Akosombo dam and many others constructed in the developing countries before the 1972 Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment were without any environmental impact assessment (EIA) plan. In 1974, Ghana was the first country in Africa to establish an environmental governing body to deal with all environmental issues under one agency known as Environmental Protection Council (Appiah-Opoku, 2001). Ironically, the Kpong dam whose construction began in 1976 did not have EIA in place. In order to combat some of the negative environmental impacts of the project the VRA introduce numerous cut and fix approaches. These programs include afforestation program along the banks of the lakes, weed controlling measures to control bilharzia., dredging activities at Volta estuary and the creation of Resettlement Trust Fund for remediation some of the socio-economic impact mitigation (Girmay, 2002, Fobil et.al. 2003,). The success of these programs is difficult to measure since most of them we re subjective in nature. The VRA did have some environmental management programs and policies but they suffered from implementation and enforcement (Girmay, 2002). The question often asked in the view of the social and environmental damage done by the HEP is if this cost is justifiable. To address these issue in the context of Akosombo HEP present a dilemma. Ghana until recently discovery of oil along it shore did not have any fossil fuel or expertise in nuclear energy to produce electricity from these sources. Hence, the HEP project was the lifeline in meeting part of its energy demand. As stated earlier studies have shown that the amount of greenhouse gasses produces by hydropower is lower than the corresponding fossil electricity (Anderson 2006a). Although critics point to the fact that Ghanas overreliance on HEP have hamper the development of alternative renewable energy sources which have affected the country in times of drought. The supply of cheap electricity to neighboring countries like Togo and Benin mitigate their coastline erosion by the project. Ultimately, the amount of electricity produced from the Akosombo/Kpong HEP and the social and environmental damage to the basin is not acceptable. The major destruction of the ecosystem habitats and the negative health and social impact on the upstream/downstream communities is much bigger than comparable dams elsewhere. For example Japan produces 2300MW of electricity from HEP and the damage is a tenth of what occurs in Akosombo (Takeuchi, 1997). Although the HEP have been helpful to the country economically, with proper management and sustainable planning; the level of success would have been higher and the environmental impact greatly reduced. With benefit of time the original proposal should have been implemented and enforced effectively. This would have reversed the trend today which has led to the communities upstream and downstream been among the poorest in the country. RECOMMENDATIONS The positive impacts and the negative effects of the Akosombo have been highlighted in this paper. In view of the negative socio-environmental factors like downstream flooding, resettlement of communities, ecosystem destruction among others it is important strategies are put in place to mitigates these effects and protects the ecosystem from current and future HEP. One way of mitigating the environmental and social cost is through environmental compensatory project approach or offsets. For example, the recent plan of the Brazilian government to build a third world largest dam requires the company who wins for the bid to pay an excess of $800 million to offset environmental damage and relocation. Also in India there is a legal requirement that forests flooded by reservoirs must be replanted elsewhere. Introducing such concepts in the planning stages of the dam would really help ensure that significant and unavoidable adverse environmental impacts are counterbalanced by a positive environmental gain, with an inspirational goal of achieving a net environmental benefit. This approach must be fused with properly developed policies for resettlement and compensation prior to the construction of dam so that all stakeholders know the detail and what to expect or contribute toward the compensated package in cash and in kind. The resettlement costs must c over all inundated properties as well as emotional and psychological cost which is often ignored. The package aside covering individual cost could also be extended to cover basic facilities and infrastructure development such as roads, health centers, schools, potable water, etc. On the other hand environmental damage could always be factored into the price of electricity through ecological tax in order to reflect the true cost of power. This tax revenue could go into a standing trust fund which would be essential to sustain the programs needed to ensure the effective mitigation and compensation of environmental effects of the hydro development. To protect the integrity of the lake, measures should be taken to check deforestation by protecting the original forests. Additional compensatory measures may include either trust fund established through grants from developers (for example Harvey Basin Restoration Trust, Australia) or trust funds that manage parts of the revenue stream and for environmental purposes. This latter model was proposed for the planned Nam Theun II dam in Laos, with the intention of creating and managing a National Park in the catchment. The plan has the potential to benefit both forest ecosystems and the lifespan of the dam through reduce d sedimentation. This approach could certainly benefit Ghanas fight against deforestation. In the planning stages of a dam construction, is very important project teams realize the need to maintain adequate water flows and other habitat conditions to sustain river health and associated ecosystem services in river reaches located downstream of dams. When ecosystem services valued by local communities are fully considered and integrated along with all other management objectives, the prospects for optimizing both dam- and ecosystem-related objectives would be greatly enhanced. Project teams can help avoid the loss of ecosystem services by considering environmental flow needs at the very earliest stages of hydropower dam as part of the EIA development. The specification and provision of environmental flows is key to sustainable hydropower development and water management (Scudder, 2005). When environmental flow needs are assessed scientifically, water managers and hydropower dam planners and operators will understand the extent to which historical water flow patterns can be a ltered by hydropower operations without compromising a rivers health and associated social benefits. Active and early engagement of relevant water managers and dam planners, scientists, and other stakeholders in the planning process will help build a strong and influential constituency and foster a coordinated and consistent vision for the protection and management of a river. (Pingle et al., 2000; Craig, 2000, Anderson et al., 2006a, b Raschid-Sally et.al 2008) With proper input from stakeholders and attention to the needs and values of diverse interests, a tradeoff analysis can be undertaken to explore the optimal balancing of interests (Raschid-Sally et.al 2008) One current approach the VRA and other operator of dams on the Volta basin is the management of flood to limit its impact. New Dams and even old ones must can be designed or altered for multiple purposes such as flood control and HEP generation. By storing some portion of floodwaters on the floodplain instead of a reservoir, the total volume of necessary flood storage space in the reservoir can be reduced. By protecting or reactivating downstream floodplain areas or allowing agricultural areas to be flooded occasionally, the flood storage requirement in the upstream reservoir can often be reduced substantially. The excess water can be reallocated for hydropower use, water supply, or improved environmental flows downstream of the dam. Reflooding of natural floodplains can bring substantial ecological benefits, such as providing additional spawning and feeding opportunities for fish and enabling the floodwaters to fertilize and moisten floodplain areas used for agriculture or grazing.( Craig, 2000) Likewise , the coordinated operations of cascades of dams: on the Volta river can maximize power generation at upstream dams to enable lower dams to serve more of a re-regulating function, thereby minimizing flow alterations in the downstream river. Currently this approach is been developed by the transboundary water management Volta Basin Authority (VBA) and it is hope the implementation of such approach would be beneficial to the basin communities. The VBA IWMR policies would be the key to protecting the ecosystem in the basin. In terms of operational mode management The VRA can increase its generation of electricity from its Thermal plant in Aboase to ease the pressure on operating

Culture Difference Essay -- Essays Papers

Culture Difference The first culture difference that many Japanese find in America is their greeting customs. Although the greeting is one of the simplest human communications, both countries have different methods of greeting each other. Three differences include introduction, self-introduction, and departure. In addition, the main reason for the difference is that Americans use verbal greetings and the Japanese use nonverbal greetings. First, the order of introduction in the U.S. is the reverse of the Japanese way. In America, generally elderly people are introduced first. For example, one of my friends invited me to his house, and he introduced his father first, then his mother, his older brother, and his young sister. After that he introduced me to his family. In contrast, the traditional rule is the opposite in Japan. In other words, young people have to be introduced first in Japan. This rule is the sort of manner in Japan, and the people who do not follow this regulation are considered rude. The methodology of self-introduction varies between America and Japan. Ameri...

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Law – is a set of rules that is binding the community. A set of rules that can be enforced and is officially recognized. Law must be capable or reform and change as society’s values and ethics change. Relationship between customs, rules and laws- Customs and rules govern behavior but the courts do not enforce them on community members. The community may generally see a custom as right but it is not legally enforceable. Rules, however, may punish offenders but rules only apply in certain circumstances and areas. Laws are legally sanctioned and are enforced by the courts. Although the community generally accepts all three, rules and customs do not have the same legal sanction as laws. An example of this is smoking in public restaurants. It was a custom for shop owners to provide a smoking and non-smoking section in their restaurants. Once the dangers of smoking became known rules were put in to prevent smoking in restaurants. Laws were then passed in public interest to make sure that smoking was only allowed in outdoor sections of restaurants. * They are all types of rules  * They can all be made into laws * They all regulate human behaviour * They all carry consequences when they are breeched, sanctions Values- Principals or attitudes which society sees as important. The moral principles and beliefs which reflect society’s judgment about the importance of different things. a personal belief system Ethics- a set of moral beliefs governing behaviour. Ethics define what we consider to be the right and wrong way to behave. a code of conduct; moral principles Characteristics of Just Laws * It is enforceable * It is binding on the community * It is in the public’s interest * It is discoverable * It is accepted by the community * It reflects community morality Nature of Justice * Equality- equal treatment or equal opportunity. That all people are entitled to enjoy the same rights, responsibilities, opportunities and that no one should be privileged or disadvantaged. * Fairness- achieving equal outcomes for people. Achieving reasonable and equal outcomes according to generally accepted ideas about what is right and just. * Accessible  Procedural Fairness, Principles of Natural Justice * The right to be heard * The right to have a decision made by an unbiased decision maker * The right to a decision based on logically relevant evidence Justice- a concept about what is right and wrong and what is fair and unfair. A combination of elements such as, equality, fairness and reasonableness Rule of Law – Everyone is subject to the same laws, no one is above the law. Punished equally through sanctions (penalty) Anarchy- a state of chaos resulting from the absence of laws and/or government. Tyranny – rule by a single leader holding absolute power in a nation-state

The corporate employer Free Essay Example, 3250 words

2. Managerial prerogative and protection of employment 2.1 Protection of employment in general As noticed above, managers in modern firms have to face a series of challenges when attempting to restructure their firm’s operational sectors. The size of the firm is a criterion for choosing the appropriate measures; however, there are also other issues that are taken into considerations by managers before proceeding to the above initiative. In this context, the following issues have been found to be important criteria for the development of strategic plans of foreign firms that operate in Britain: ‘a) international staffing, b) international recruitment and c) a variety of issues surrounding the problem of shortages in international managers’ (Scullion, 1994, 86). The possible intervention of unions in the completion of a specific plan of change within modern organizations is also taken into account by corporate managers around the world. The above issue was examined by Oesch (2006) who tried to identify the main characteristics of the re-structuring scheme ad opted by firms operating in Sweden, Germany and Britain. Through the above study it was proved that ‘the schema successfully captures the hierarchical dimension in the class structure; results for party support and union membership suggest that the schema grasps a salient horizontal cleavage between managers and sociocultural professionals’ (Oesch, 2006, 263). We will write a custom essay sample on The corporate employer or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page The ability of unions to intervene in the decisions taken by managers – including the unfair dismissal of employees – is then expected to be differentiated. The above view is also supported by Brewster (1995, 3) who noticed that ‘trade union membership and influence varies considerably by country; Sweden has union membership of 85% of the working population, the U. K. around 40% and even in the least unionised countries such as Switzerland, 23%, and France, 12%, union membership is above that in the U. S.A. ’. Unions have a significant role in the development of the various aspects of employment policies and for this reason their role in the decrease of the phenomenon of unfair dismissal should be characterized as significant; in fact the higher the union membership existing in a specific country the higher the expected protection offered to the employees in all industrial sectors from a potential unfair dismissal.